Everything about Georgian-armenian War 1918 totally explained
Georgian-Armenian War was a border war fought in
1918 between the
Democratic Republic of Georgia and the
Democratic Republic of Armenia over the parts of then disputed provinces of
Lori,
Javakheti, and
Borchalo district, which had been historically bicultural Armenian-Georgian territories, but were largely populated by
Armenians in the 19th century.
By the end of
World War I some of these territories were occupied by the
Ottomans. When they abandoned the region, both Georgians and Armenians claimed control. The dispute degenerated into armed clashes on
December 7, 1918. The hostilities continued with varying success until
December 31 when the
British brokered ceasefire was signed, leaving the disputed part of
Borchalo district under the joint Georgian-Armenian administration which lasted until the establishment of the Soviet rule in Armenia in
1920.
Background
During the final stages of
World War I, the Armenians and Georgians had been defending against the advance of the
Ottoman Empire. In June 1918, in order to forestall an Ottoman advance on
Tiflis, the Georgian troops had occupied (temporarily allegedly) the
Lori Province which at the time had a 75% Armenian majority. After the
Armistice of Mudros and the withdrawal of the Ottomans, the Georgian forces remained. Georgian
Menshevik parlementarian
Irakli Tsereteli offered that the Armenians would be safer from the Turks as Georgian citizens. The Georgians offered a quadripartite conference including Georgia, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, and the
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus in order to resolve the issue which the Armenians rejected. In December of 1918, the Georgians were confronting a rebellion chiefly in the village of
Uzunlar in the Lori region. Within days, hostilities commenced between the two republics.
Active Stage
On December 5, 1918 the Armenians sent troops to take over the
Borchalo and
Akhalkalaki districts. The first military clashes occurred on December 9. Three days later, the Armenians scored a victory in the village of
Sanahin in the Lori district and took over the village. Their advance in the
Tiflis direction was eventually halted and Georgians mounted a counteroffensive, winning a battle at
Shulaveri on December 29. The hostilities ended at the village of
Sadakhlo on the night of December 31, when the parties agreed to a British-brokered ceasefire.
Aftermath
Both parties signed a peace agreement in January of 1919 brokered by the British. The Armenian government officially dropped their claims over
Ardahan and Akhalkalaki districts, while Georgia agreed to the mutual governance over Lori canton of Borchalo district. The agreement left both parties dissatisfied and there was mutual distrust going forward and severe transportation problems between the two republics.
The war also proved costly for both countries politically. Both countries had suffered together under Ottoman rule yet had turned on each other during independence from the Ottomans while the rest of the world was healing its wounds from
World War I. Supporters of the Armenians who regarded them as a blameless eternally suffering nation received a rude shock, the Armenians now appeared like everyone else.
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